THE HOPE DIAMOND
Also called the Tavernier Blue or the French Blue throughout its checkered history. This is my favourite! The history associated with this diamond is very entertaining. It was apparently stolen from an idol in India and believed to be cursed with bad luck and even death. Originally 112 carats, the stone was re-cut by Louis XIV to 67 carats, and then passed down to his great-grandson, Louis XVI. We all know what happened to him and his ‘amour’ Marie Antoinette during the French Revolution, and they were not the only unfortunates of the French Court who wore the diamond and ‘lost their heads’ over it! It then disappeared for twenty years, turning up in England, and had achieved what many of us are thinking about at this time of year – it had lost weight! The 45 carat diamond was bought by the Hope family, who ended up going bankrupt, then to a Turkish sultan who was eventually ousted, and then to the McLean family in America. That unfortunate family suffered mental illness, suicide and death by car accident during its ownership. The great diamond merchant, Harry Winston bought it from Evelyn McLean’s estate and gifted it to the Smithsonian Institute where it remains today. One can only hope that that grand establishment keeps its insurance policy up to date!
THE CENTENARY DIAMOND
In 1988, De Beers held its Centenary celebrations and announced that a massive diamond of 599 carats had been found in their Premier mine in Kimberly, South Africa. Naturally they named it the Centenary Diamond, and insured it for one hundred million dollars. This huge flawless “D”-coloured stone took an amazing three years to be cut, although one whole year was spent studying the diamond minutely in the most stringent conditions. When cutting was completed, the Centenary Diamond weighed in at 273.85 carats, with an astounding 247 facets, the most ever polished onto a diamond at that time. In addition, it yielded two pear-shaped diamonds of 1.47 and 1.14 carats. It is believed that De Beers has never sold the stone.
THE CULLINAN
This massive stone was discovered in the Premier Mine in South Africa in 1905. It weighed in at 3106 carats, or 1 1/3rd pounds. It was presented to King Edward V11 as a birthday present and Winston Churchill was apparently given a replica which he liked to display on a silver platter. The King had the stone cut into nine major gems, 96 smaller brilliants and 9.50 carats of unpolished pieces.
The Star of Africa (or Cullinan I) is 530.20 carats, and can be seen gracing the Sovereign’s Royal Sceptre on display in the Tower of London. All of the nine stones remain with the British Royal Family, some of which Queen Elizabeth still wears.
The Cullinan II, weighing 317.4 carats is set into the British Imperial Crown. There were fun and games just getting this diamond from South Africa to England. A fake stone was sent on a steamer, surrounded by detectives, while the real stone was sent by parcel post. Imagine getting that in your letterbox! Another funny story centred on the master cutter, Joseph Asscher, fainting when the stone resisted the first attempt to cleave it and broke the blade instead. However, on the second cut, the diamond split successfully.
THE MILLENIUM STAR
De Beers Millennium Star is one of the world’s largest D-color, internally and externally flawless diamond at 203.04 carats. Originally a whopping 777 carats, the stone was cut into three, the Millenium Star being the biggest. One hundred plastic models of the original were made. The cutters concentrated on brilliance as opposed to weight and they polished only 54 facets onto the stone. It was first presented at De Beers Limited Edition Millennium Diamonds collection to welcome in the year 2000. The pear-shaped diamond was surrounded by 11 rare blue diamonds also found at the Premier mine. There was an attempt to steal the diamond in November of that year – by bulldozer! and sightings are few and far between. It was displayed at the London Museum in 2005 along with other famous diamonds such as the Steinmetz Pink, the Moussaieff Red, the Allnatt, the Shah Jahan and the Aurora Collection. I would have paid my eye teeth to see that collection! Because the Millenium Star is so flawless, it was decided not to brand it at all, a huge compliment to the cutter’s expertise over three years of painstaking work. In fact, former De Beers chairman, the late Harry Oppenheimer, described the Millenium Star as the most beautiful diamond he had ever seen – and that’s saying something!
THE STEINMETZ PINK
Mystery surrounds this beautiful diamond, one of the largest Fancy Vivid Pink diamonds in the world, weighing in at 59.60 carats. The fact that it is graded as Internally Flawless gives this baby unprecedented importance. It was mined by De Beers (of course!) but its origins and whereabouts are a closely-guarded secret. The owners at its ‘debut’ in 2003, the Steinmetz company, won’t even confirm which mine it came from or if it has been sold since, but it is estimated to be worth well over $300 million – I’m guessing that’s US $. Pink diamonds of this size are extremely rare.
The Argyle mine in Australia is responsible for mining 90% of the world’s pinks, although they are normally nowhere near this size. Natural diamonds are known as type 11a or type 11b diamonds. 11a stones contain no impurities like nitrogen or boron, and so are colourless. This happens to only about one per cent of all natural diamonds. but sometimes as they rise to the earth’s surface in Kimberlite and Lamproite pipes, they undergo plastic deformation, and these deformities absorb light in different regions of the spectrum, and that’s where the rare colours come from – pink, red, purple, orange etc. So the beautiful pink colour of the Steinmetz Pink is actually an deformity. Tell that to Jenna Elfman, the actress shown wearing the diamond. I bet she won’t care a bit!
THE INCOMPARABLE
I like this story. This huge stone was found by a young girl in the Congo, playing in some rubble outside her uncle’s house. It was 890 carats. The rubble came from a dump at the MIBA Diamond mine. The uncle sold it to diamond dealers who sold it on to some Lebanese buyers. I hope the girl got a good price! It ended up in America where it took four years to be cut, because of its unwieldy shape and the cracks and pits on the surface. Once cut, however, it was found to be virtually free of inclusions. It was tempting to go for as much weight as possible and try to outdo the Cullinan I of 530.20 carats. Happily, quality over quantity prevailed. The stone had many hues, from almost colourless to rich yellow with slightly brown tones.
Fourteen other gems were cut from the rough, the largest being 15.66 carats. The main stone, originally called the Golden Giant, weighed 407.48 carats. It is graded as Internally Flawless and Fancy Brownish-Yellow in colour. It has been unsuccessful at auction, and has also appeared on Ebay, requiring an opening bid of $15 million, the largest diamond ever offered on Ebay. That too was unsuccessful. It seems no one wants this funny-shaped ugly duckling, at least not at that price!
All this information was collected from assorted magazine and internet sites, especially the excellent website the World of Famous Diamonds and Other Gems. The author, Ryan Thompson, credits Ian Balfour’s great book, Famous Diamonds, for a lot of his info and I was lucky enough to find a copy in my library. Fascinating stuff!
Satin and a Scandalous Affair was the most fun to research. Aside from all the interesting myths and histories, I also had the pleasure of trawling through some amazing jewellery designer sites. WARNING: the following sites may cause dribble damage to your keyboard!
Jan Logan
Gilbert Collection
Shapiro Diamonds
Harry Winston
Barninka Diamonds
Norman Landsberg
A Jaffe
DeBeers
Aurora Gems
Louis Glick
Heck, just type in diamond jewellery designers and you’ll be there for a week! Also check out the great article on JAR – Joel Arthur Rosenthal – the ‘Faberge of our time’ in Forbes magazine. Type The Cult of JAR in the search line. See the 22 carat thread ring with a price tag of $800,000 – $1.2m.
I’m all diamonded out but hope I’ve sparked some interest. What’s your favourite diamond? Coloured or colourless? Brilliant, trilliant, round or emerald cut? If a handsome man with the Blackstone-Hammond wealth asked you to be his bride, what ring would you choose? ~ Jan Colley
* bonus!! If you comment on this blog entry, you could win a gorgeous 2008 Aussie desk calendar plus a copy of one of DDU author Yvonne Lindsay’s previous titles.